Article 1, Section 10, Clause 1
No State shall enter into any Treaty, Alliance, or Confederation; grant Letters of Marque and Reprisal; coin Money; emit Bills of Credit; make any Thing but gold and silver Coin a Tender in Payment of Debts; pass any Bill of Attainder, ex post facto Law, or Law impairing the Obligation of Contracts, or grant any Title of Nobility.
| 1. | Deering v. Parker |
| 2. | James Madison, Notes for Speech Opposing Paper Money, 1 Nov. 1786 |
| 3. | Records of the Federal Convention |
| 4. | Luther Martin, Genuine Information, 1788 |
| 5. | James Madison, Federalist, no. 44, 299--302, 25 Jan. 1788 |
| 6. | Charles Pinckney, South Carolina Ratifying Convention, 20 May 1788 |
| 7. | Edmund Randolph, Virginia Ratifying Convention, 6 June 1788 |
| 8. | Debate in Virginia Ratifying Convention, 15 June 1788 |
| 9. | Debate in North Carolina Ratifying Convention, 29 July 1788 |
| 10. | Calder v. Bull |
| 11. | University of North Carolina v. Fox |
| 12. | Fletcher v. Peck |
| 13. | Thomas Jefferson to W. H. Torrance, 11 June 1815 |
| 14. | Gill v. Jacobs |
| 15. | Farmers & Mechanics' Bank v. Smith |
| 16. | Sturges v. Crowninshield |
| 17. | Trustees of Dartmouth College v. Woodward |
| 18. | King v. Dedham Bank |
| 19. | Ogden v. Saunders |
| 20. | Mason v. Haile |
| 21. | Craig v. Missouri |
| 22. | James Madison to Charles J. Ingersoll, Feb. 1831 |
| 23. | Joseph Story, Commentaries on the Constitution 3:§§ 1351, 1353--57, 1365--66, 1370--94, 1833 |
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