Article 1, Section 2, Clause 3
Representatives and direct Taxes shall be apportioned among the several
States which may be included within this Union, according to their
respective Numbers, which shall be determined by adding to the whole
Number of free Persons, including those bound to Service for a Term
of Years, and excluding Indians not taxed, three fifths of all other
Persons. The actual Enumeration shall be made within three Years
after the first Meeting of the Congress of the United States, and
within every subsequent Term of ten Years, in such Manner as they
shall by Law direct. The Number of Representatives shall not exceed
one for every thirty Thousand, but each State shall have at Least
one Representative; and until such enumeration shall be made,
the State of New Hampshire shall be entitled to chuse three,
Massachusetts eight, Rhode-Island and Providence Plantations one,
Connecticut five, New-York six, New Jersey four, Pennsylvania
eight, Delaware one, Maryland six, Virginia ten, North Carolina five,
South Carolina five, and Georgia three.
| 1. | Continental Congress, Taxation and Representation, 12 July 1776 |
| 2. | Records of the Federal Convention |
| 3. | Letter from a Gentleman from Massachusetts, 17 Oct. 1787 |
| 4. | A Federal Republican, Review of the Constitution Proposed by the Late Convention, 28 Oct. 1787 |
| 5. | Brutus, no. 3, 15 Nov. 1787 |
| 6. | Cato, no. 5, Fall 1787 |
| 7. | James Wilson, Pennsylvania Ratifying Convention, 30 Nov. 4 Dec. 1787 |
| 8. | The Address and Reasons of Dissent of the Minority of the Convention of Pennsylvania to Their Constituents, 18 Dec. 1787 |
| 9. | Luther Martin, Genuine Information, 1788 |
| 10. | Alexander Hamilton, Federalist, no. 36, 226, 229--30, 8 Jan. 1788 |
| 11. | Debate in Massachusetts Ratifying Convention, 17--19 Jan. 1788 |
| 12. | A Republican Federalist, no. 5, 19 Jan. 1788 |
| 13. | James Madison, Federalist, no. 54, 366--72, 12 Feb. 1788 |
| 14. | James Madison, Federalist, no. 55, 372--78, 13 Feb. 1788 |
| 15. | James Madison, Federalist, no. 56, 378--83, 16 Feb. 1788 |
| 16. | James Madison, Federalist, no. 57, 384--90, 19 Feb. 1788 |
| 17. | James Madison, Federalist, no. 58, 391--97, 20 Feb. 1788 |
| 18. | Debate in Virginia Ratifying Convention, 4--5 June 1788 |
| 19. | James Madison, Census Bill, House of Representatives, 25--26 Jan. 2 Feb. 1790 |
| 20. | Hylton v. United States |
| 21. | St. George Tucker, Blackstone's Commentaries 1:App. 189, 1803 |
| 22. | Joseph Story, Commentaries on the Constitution 2:§§ 630--35, 641--47, 673--80, 1833 |
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