No Bill of Attainder or ex post facto Law shall be passed.
| 1. | Montesquieu, Spirit of Laws, bk. 12, CH. 19, 1748 |
| 2. | William Blackstone, Commentaries 4:373--79, 1769 |
| 3. | Delaware Declaration of Rights and Fundamental Rules, 11 Sept. 1776 |
| 4. | Thomas Jefferson, Bill to Attaint Josiah Phillips, 28 May 1778 |
| 5. | Alexander Hamilton, Letter from Phocion, 1--27 Jan. 1784 |
| 6. | Alexander Hamilton, A Second Letter from Phocion, April 1784 |
| 7. | Vermont Constitution of 1786, CH. 2, SEC. 17 |
| 8. | Records of the Federal Convention |
| 9. | Oliver Ellsworth, Landholder, no. 6, 10 Dec. 1787 |
| 10. | James Iredell, Marcus, Answers to Mr. Mason's Objections to the New Constitution, 1788 |
| 11. | Calder v. Bull |
| 12. | St. George Tucker, Blackstone's Commentaries 1:App. 292--93, 1803 |
| 13. | Thomas Jefferson to L. H. Girardin, 12 Mar. 1815 |
| 14. | William Johnson, Note to Satterlee v. Mathewson |
| 15. | Joseph Story, Commentaries on the Constitution 3:§§ 1338--39, 1833 |
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