Article 1, Section 9, Clause 4
No Capitation, or other direct, Tax shall be laid, unless in Proportion to the Census of Enumeration herein before directed to be taken.
| 1. | Continental Congress, Taxation and Representation, 12 July 1776 |
| 2. | James Madison, Bill Authorizing Amendment in Articles of Confederation, 21 June 1784 |
| 3. | Records of the Federal Convention |
| 4. | William Blount, Richard D. Spaight, Hugh Williamson to Governor Caswell, 18 Sept. 1787 |
| 5. | James McHenry, Maryland House of Delegates, 29 Nov. 1787 |
| 6. | Alexander Hamilton, Federalist, no. 36, 226, 229--30, 8 Jan. 1788 |
| 7. | Thomas Davies, Massachusetts Ratifying Convention, 18 Jan. 1788 |
| 8. | James Madison, Federalist, nos. 54--58, 366--97, 12--20 Feb. 1788 |
| 9. | George Mason, Virginia Ratifying Convention, 17 June 1788 |
| 10. | Richard D. Spaight, North Carolina Ratifying Convention, 30 July 1788 |
| 11. | Hugh Williamson, Cod Fisheries, House of Representatives, 3 Feb. 1792 |
| 12. | House of Representatives, Tax on Carriages, 29 May 1794 |
| 13. | Hylton v. United States |
| 14. | St. George Tucker, Blackstone's Commentaries 1:App. 292--94, 1803 |
| 15. | Rufus King, Senate, Mar. 1819 |
| 16. | Loughborough v. Blake |
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