He shall have Power, by and with the Advice and Consent of the Senate,
to make Treaties, provided two thirds of the Senators present concur;
and he shall nominate, and by and with the Advice and Consent
of the Senate, shall appoint Ambassadors, other public Ministers and
Consuls, Judges of the supreme Court, and all other Officers of the
United States, whose Appointments are not herein otherwise provided
for, and which shall be established by Law: but the Congress may by
Law vest the Appointment of such inferior Officers, as they think
proper, in the President alone, in the Courts of Law, or in the Heads
of Departments.
The President shall have Power to fill up all Vacancies that may happen
during the Recess of the Senate, by granting Commissions which
shall expire at the End of their next Session.
| 1. | Records of the Federal Convention |
| 2. | William Blackstone, Commentaries 1:245--47, 249, 1765 |
| 3. | James Wilson, Pennsylvania Ratifying Convention, 11 Dec. 1787 |
| 4. | James Iredell, Marcus, Answers to Mr. Mason's Objections to the New Constitution, 1788 |
| 5. | Federal Farmer, no. 11, 10 Jan. 1788 |
| 6. | Debate in South Carolina House of Representatives, 16--17 Jan. 1788 |
| 7. | James Madison, Federalist, no. 42, 279--80, 22 Jan. 1788 |
| 8. | John Jay, Federalist, no. 64, 432--38, 5 Mar. 1788 |
| 9. | Alexander Hamilton, Federalist, no. 75, 503--9, 26 Mar. 1788 |
| 10. | Debate in Virginia Ratifying Convention, 18--19 June 1788 |
| 11. | Debate in North Carolina Ratifying Convention, 24, 28 July 1788 |
| 12. | George Washington to Senate Committee on Treaties and Nominations, 10 Aug. 1789 |
| 13. | United States v. Ravara |
| 14. | Alexander Hamilton, Pacificus, no. 1, 29 June 1793 |
| 15. | James Madison, Letters of Helvidius, nos. 1--4, 24 Aug. 14 Sept. 1793 |
| 16. | Thomas Jefferson to Edmond Charles Genet, 22 Nov. 1793 |
| 17. | Senate, Presentation of the Colors of France, 6 Jan. 1796 |
| 18. | Alexander Hamilton to George Washington, 7 Mar. 1796 |
| 19. | Alexander Hamilton to William Loughton Smith, 10 Mar. 1796 |
| 20. | George Washington to House of Representatives, 30 Mar. 1796 |
| 21. | George Washington to Alexander Hamilton, 31 March 1796 |
| 22. | James Madison, The Jay Treaty, House of Representatives, 6 Apr. 1796 |
| 23. | An Act to Declare the Treaties Heretofore Concluded with France, No Longer Obligatory on the United States |
| 24. | St. George Tucker, Blackstone's Commentaries 1:App. 332--36, 338--40, 1803 |
| 25. | Thomas Jefferson, Proposed Amendment to the Constitution, July 1803 |
| 26. | Thomas Jefferson to William Dunbar, 17 July 1803 |
| 27. | Thomas Jefferson to Wilson Cary Nicholas, 7 Sept. 1803 |
| 28. | Thomas Jefferson to James Madison, 14 July 1804 |
| 29. | Senate, Committee on Foreign Relations, 15 Feb. 1816 |
| 30. | Rufus King, African Slave Trade, Senate, 12 Jan. 1818 |
| 31. | James Kent, Commentaries 1:154--68, 1826 |
| 32. | William Rawle, A View of the Constitution of the United States 195--96 1829 (2d ed.) |
| 33. | United States v. Benner |
| 34. | Joseph Story, Commentaries on the Constitution 3:§§ 1517, 1559--64, 1833 |
| 35. | William Blackstone, Commentaries 1:262, 1765 |
| 36. | Luther Martin, Genuine Information, 1788 |
| 37. | Federal Farmer, no. 13, 14 Jan. 1788 |
| 38. | Federal Farmer, no. 14, 17 Jan. 1788 |
| 39. | Alexander Hamilton, Federalist, no. 76, 509--15, 1 Apr. 1788 |
| 40. | Alexander Hamilton, Federalist, no. 77, 515--19, 2 Apr. 1788 |
| 41. | Debate in North Carolina Ratifying Convention, 28 July 1788 |
| 42. | House of Representatives, Treasury Department, 29 June 1789 |
| 43. | James Madison to Thomas Jefferson, 30 June 1789 |
| 44. | John Adams, Notes of a Debate in the Senate, 15 July 1789 |
| 45. | John Adams to Roger Sherman, July 1789 |
| 46. | Roger Sherman to John Adams, July 1789 |
| 47. | Samuel Adams to Richard Henry Lee, 29 Aug. 1789 |
| 48. | Thomas Jefferson, Opinion on Powers of the Senate respecting Diplomatic Appointments, 24 Apr. 1790 |
| 49. | James Wilson, Government, Lectures on Law, 1791 |
| 50. | George Mason to James Monroe, 30 Jan. 1792 |
| 51. | Marbury v. Madison |
| 52. | St. George Tucker, Blackstone's Commentaries 1:App. 342--43, 1803 |
| 53. | James Madison to Senate of United States, June 1813 |
| 54. | James Monroe to James Madison, 10 May 1822 |
| 55. | United States v. Maurice |
| 56. | William Rawle, A View of the Constitution of the United States 162--67 1829 (2d ed.) |
| 57. | John Macpherson Berrien, Commissions Granted during Recess of Senate, 16 Apr. 1830 |
| 58. | Joseph Story, Commentaries on the Constitution 3:§§ 1519--26, 1528--33, 1535--40, 1548, 1550--53, 1833 |
| SEE ALSO: |
