Article 1, Section 8, Clause 13
To provide and maintain a Navy;
| 1. | Records of the Federal Convention |
| 2. | John Jay, Federalist, no. 4, 19--23, 7 Nov. 1787 |
| 3. | Alexander Hamilton, Federalist, no. 11, 65--73, 24 Nov. 1787 |
| 4. | Debate in Virginia Ratifying Convention, 14 June 1788 |
| 5. | George Washington, Eighth Annual Address, 7 Dec. 1796 |
| 6. | House of Representatives, Protection of Trade, 22 June 1797 |
| 7. | Bas v. Tingy |
| 8. | Joseph Story, Commentaries on the Constitution 3:§§ 1189--91, 1833 |